Education
1. Basic Condition
(1) Educational Institutions of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
3 out of 30 institutions
of TCM of higher learning (including 3 national minority medical colleges)
are directly under the supervision of the State Administration of Traditional
Chinese Medicine. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine is the exclusively
key university of TCM in
There are 51 secondary schools of TCM (including 2 key schools at the State level and 8 key schools at the administration level).
(2) Set-up of Specialties of TCM
There are 5 specialties for undergraduate course (Traditional Chinese Medical , Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina, Mongolian Medical Science, Tibetan Medical Science and Chinese Materia Medica).
Postgraduate specialties: There are 3 first-class disciplines (Traditional Chinese Medicine, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, and Chinese Materia Medica).
There are 15 second-class disciplines (Traditional Chinese Medical Basic Theory, Traditional Chinese Clinical Basis, Literature and History of TCM, Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Traditional Chinese Diagnostics, Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Traditional Chinese Surgery, Traditional Chinese Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Gynecology, Traditional Chinese Pediatrics, ENT of TCM ,Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina, National Minority Medicine, Essentials for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Clinical Work).
There are 14 specialties for secondary schools (Traditional Chinese Therapy, Traditional Chinese Orthopedics, Acupuncture ,Moxibustion and Tuina, Traditional Chinese Nursing, Traditional Chinese Rehabilitative Therapy, Tibetan Therapy, Mongolian Therapy, Uygur Therapy, Traditional Chinese Dietotherapy, Traditional Chinese ENT Medicine, Chinese Materia Medica, Mongolian Materia Medica, Identification of Chinese Herbal Medicaments, and Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicaments).
(3) Degree and Postgraduate Education:
Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Chengdu, Heilongjiang and Shandong Universities of TCM , Tianjin, Liaoning, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang and Fujian Colleges of TCM, and China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine are units to award doctorate degree in 81 doctorate-awarding spots. The above-mentioned 14 units and the Changchun, Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Henan, Guiyang, Shaanxi and Gansu Colleges of TCM , Shanxi, Heilongjiang and Hunan Academies of TCM (25 institutions of higher learning and academies in all) are units to award master's degree).
Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Chengdu, Heilongjiang and Shandong Universities of TCM, Tianjin, Liaoning and Hubei Colleges of TCM , and China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (11 institutions of higher learning and academy in all) are pilot units to award doctorate (master's) degree for the specialty of clinical medicine.
15 postdoctoral flowing stations are set up at Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Chengdu, Heilongjiang and Shandong Universities of TCM, Tianjin College of TCM and China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
(4) Scale of Education
There are 41,336 students studying at 30 universities and colleges of TCM (with 31,872 undergraduates, 9,464 junior college graduates, 2,332 postgraduates and 3,100 foreign students). About 14,000 undergraduates are enrolled annually.
There are 51,260 students studying at 51 secondary schools of TCM. About 18,600 students are enrolled annually.
(5) Condition of Universities and Colleges
There are nearly 20,000 teaching and administrative staff members in the universities and colleges of TCM ( including 7,299 full-time teachers, 749 professors, 2,452 associate professors and 244 doctor's tutors). There are 53 affiliated hospitals with 24,511 beds and 301 teaching hospitals with 8,082 beds.
There are nearly 5,000 teaching and administrative staff members in the secondary schools of TCM (including 3,030 full-time teachers and 757 senior lecturers).
2. Trend of Reform
(1) Changing Educational Idea and Renewing Educational Concept
Key problems to be solved in changing educational idea and renewing educational concept are: to transform one-sided concept on specialty education and establish the idea of attaching importance to comprehensive quality education among students, to transform the concept on conventional out-of-date education and establish the idea of training creative spirit and ability of students, to transform the concept on unified education and establish the idea of teaching students according to their abilities and encouraging students to develop their individualities, and to transform the concept on traditional once-for-all education and establish the idea of actively developing continual education and setting up and perfecting the system of life-long study for personnel of TCM.
(2) Deepening Educational Reform
A. To Establish a Mode of Training Traditional Chinese Medical Professionals Needed by the New Century
A mode of training talents refers to the mode of structure of knowledge, ability and quality of the educated and a way to realize this structure. It radically stipulates the characteristics of talents and concentratingly embodies educational idea and concept. According to the general requirement for traditional Chinese medical education in training professionals with solid and widespread knowledge, strong ability and high quality, the structure of knowledge, ability and quality of students should be readjusted and more importance should be attached to quality education so as to merge knowledge, ability and quality into an organic whole.
B. To Reform Teaching Contents and Curriculum
Reform of teaching contents and curriculum is the basis for the reform of the talent-training mode and it is also the key point in the current educational reform. In the establishment of curriculum, stress should be put on the basic knowledge and skill, modern science and technology and the updated medical knowledge should be actively absorbed, and new knowledge and achievements reflecting the trend for the development of contemporary science and technology should be particularly introduced.
C. To Innovate Teaching Ways and Means
Inspiration, discussion, research and other modern teaching methods should be actively available. Students' creative and independent ability to analyze and solve problems should be strengthened. Individuality and talent of students should be comprehensively developed. At the same time, modern educational technology should be introduced , teaching means should be innovated, and ways and means of teaching should be gradually modernized so as to enhance the teaching quality.
(3) Optimizing Educational Structure
In terms of structure of levels, high-standard academic and technological leading members of traditional Chinese medical professionals should be speedily fostered, and practicable traditional Chinese medical staff working in rural areas and at grass roots should be actively trained. In the structure of specialties, the setup of specialties for traditional Chinese medical education should be readjusted in light of strengthening an overall quality education and expanding the scope of specialties. With the principle of weakening specialties, expanding basic knowledge , strengthening quality and ability, undergraduate course at the college level should be regulated so as to meet the need of society. In junior college education, applicability of training talents should be strengthened, and setup of specialties should be readjusted according to the actual needs of the desired jobs.
In terms of program structure , same importance should be attached to fostering professionals good at traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and attention should be paid to training talents for traditional Chinese medicine integrated with Western medicine and for national minority medicine.
In terms of types of structure , efforts should be focused on professional and adult education simultaneously so as to establish an educational structure aiming at education before and after employment and education at universities and colleges, education after graduation and continual education . The State will attach more importance to the development of continual education and on-service training for all traditional Chinese medical personnel and establish a life-long study system so as to enhance the general quality of professionals of TCM .
(4) Promoting the Reform of Educational System
The reform of traditional Chinese medical educational system is focused on promoting the reform of educational administrative system and realizing the rational setup and full use of educational resources according to the guideline of "readjustment, joint construction, cooperation and integration".
Through reform, universities and colleges of TCM will break the limitation of only one discipline and promote mutual cooperation among them with community participation. We encourage joint offering TCM specialties and training postgraduates to promote inter-disciplines of liberal arts, sciences, engineering courses and medicine. The State also encourages universities and colleges of TCM to jointly run schools with enterprises to set up TCM specialties.
On the basis of joint enjoying resources and mutual supplementing advantages, universities and colleges of TCM , medical treatment and scientific research should actively join hands to establish an integrated administrative system of medicine, teaching and research.. Through reform, the strength of medicine, teaching and research will be mutually penetrated, coordinated and supported to realize the optimistic setup of educational resources.
-- source from State Administration of TCM, China
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